Monday, November 10, 2008

A visit to the original Radtsdorf

(Note: You can click on any of the photos and maps to see the enlarged version.)

After writing Adlerhof, Joy and I made a trip to see the Pfalz and my grandfather Otto's home village Rulzheim.
While I was perfectly at ease with the idea that reality would not match what my imagination had created, I don't think I was quite prepared for the wide difference.
First, Rulzheim lies in the ancient alluvial plain of the Rhine River. I have not seen flat like this since my first wife and I visited western Oklahoma in '79. This is flat enough you can make ad hoc billiard tables by drilling six holes in the ground and tossing out strips of foam rubber.
Intellectually, I knew that, but it was still a bit of a shock.
And it's modern and clean. Dear God, is it clean!!!! As a friend of my said looking at the photos with us later, "You never know when you might have to do brain surgery right there in the street gutter."









So it was all the more painful that the old Haas hof itself was the only point of disorder or dirt in town so far as we could see. It has been painted in colors one associates with old circus trains, the wagons hauling the camels and lions, say. As you can see, the facade has not been washed in a long time. The rest of the village house facades looked like they'd been washed and re painted yesterday. The old Haas hof is inhabited by a mentally ill Turk with obsessive compulsive collection habits and a deeply paranoid bent. He was on the edge of violence when he saw my wife, Joy, standing on the sidewalk across the street taking photos. He thought she was from German social services come to haul him away because she had a camera and an official looking leather satchel.


The other shock was how utterly featureless and boring the modern day Gasthof zur Rose is. It is directly across the street from the Haas hof. I have seen blank theater screens with more architectural interest.
The single day of our visit was an official holiday. The Pfalz is very Roman Catholic, so Pentecost (the Monday after Easter) is a holiday. Aside from the mad Turk, we saw only an old lady in a wheelchair and an old lady in a small park where we left the car.
We wandered the village square completely alone, viewing the two war memorials with their horrifyingly long lists of the dead in both wars (hundreds of young men in both wars, not counting three times as many wounded --- this from a village of about 4000). Yes, there were Haases listed, including a Josef Haas, and distant cousins I recognized from my mother in law's genealogy.
We went into the local church, St. Maritius--it faces the village square and its back bordered what was once the local Jewish synagogue. The church is large and lovely by American standards and completely unremarkable by German ones.







The synagogue was destroyed in 1938 and left as a ruin until efforts by the Catholic Church started to clear things up and restore it to use now as a local arts gallery and cultural center. There are no Jews left in Rulzheim.

On our drive through the Pfalz Forest the next day, we passed through the small village of Eschbach which lies about as far west of Landau as Rulzheim lies east. Eschbach is smaller and conforms more to the village of Radtsdorf depicted in Adlerhof. It lies on the same flat plain as Rulzheim, but the mountains and forest rise up quite suddenly behind it. I include 3 screen shots of the Google Earth map of the area as of late 2007. Note the mountains and Pflaz Forest rise up west of Landau in the map


A general map of the area around Landau. Note Ludwigshaven to the north east. Mannheim is a stand in for the medium city of Walsenburg in Adlerhof. The yellow line is the French border, though German is spoken a good twenty miles or more beyond it. Heidelberg is about 30 miles northeast of Landau.


A map of the 6 to 8 miles between Landau and Rulzheim. Even in an aerial map like this you can see it is all flat farm land. The Rhine River is just off the map to the east.

The original "Sarah" dies at age 82

It is with great regret I have to tell my readers that my cousin Friedl Haas Goldschmidt, in some ways the model for the character Sarah in my novel Adlerhof, has passed away of a stroke in Milwaukee at 82. She is survived by her husband of 60 years, Fillmore. Friedl was very supportive of my attempt to write a novel incorporating family history and Fillmore very kindly lent me his unpublished memoirs of his life as a soldier in the US Army from before Pearl Harbor until after the end of the war. He served in Normandy and was twice wounded. She is also survived by her son Dr. Robert Goldschmidt, MD of Richmond, VA.
In contrast to the character in the novel, she never lived in NC and she came to the US at age 14. The photo of "Sarah" in Adlerhof is actually of my cousin Friedl taken in her grandmother's (my great grandmother's ) garden in Rulzheim.

A visit to Bucky Tharrington's home

Joy and I went to Charlotte this week; she on business and I as the trailing spouse. We stayed at "The Vanlandingham Estates Bed & Breakfast." The Vanlandingham home was built in 1913 in the Midwood section of Charlotte. All the homes in Midwood were built on 5 acre lots. What lots were not subdivided and sold off in the Great Depression, were sold off in the post WorldWar II building boom. The Vanlandingham home is the only one still on its full five acres.

The house is a fine example of the architectural style called "California Craftsman." The Vanlandingham family had an estate westward, up in the great Smokey Mountains at Linville. Many of the garden plants and trees are actually better suited to the mountains. The stone for the house was brought in from Linville.
click on any image to see an enlargement.

Originally built for the family of a wealthy cotton broker and his Atlanta bred wife (she was heir to a hotel fortune), the home and gardens have served as a conference center and B&B since the late 1980s. It has several gardens and a huge, beautiful pond. Weddings and receptions are held here as regular business. Anyway, lovely as the house is (and I recommend the B&B) it struck me as the sort of place the amoral banker Bucky Tharrington would have lived in.

I strolled the gardens while Joy was in a meeting. Later, at lunch, I took photos of her in the old wood swing hung from an ancient magnolia tree in one of the bridal gardens. The old stables are large enough they have been converted to 4 rooms, with their own patio and meeting area. Joy and I stayed in one of the stable rooms for $100/night. Breakfast was wonderful and served in a large beautifully appointed dining room.

View of the pond from one of the bridal gardens.


Below, the garden house, large enough for a 12 person conference; the back is a large greenhouse for the garden staff; behind the the green house is the herb garden for the kitchen.
Below, a view of part of the pond with the side view of the garden green house.

Leo's Cave; Manfred's road. A trip to the Pfalz Forest

Joy and I rented a car in Germany and set out to drive the very, very narrow and twisty roads through the largest remaining primeval forest in Germany. In my novel Adlerhof, Leo and Hermann's cave is in the woods and mountains that rise up suddenly behind the small village of Radtsdorf. I was surprised at how well reality matched my imagination. It was as if I had written a specific history, the scenes were so exactly as I had imagined them.
Click on photos to see enlargments

In the novel, Trau and Zimmer try to flee through the Pfalz Forest and Mountains to reach the border of the Saar, the last bit of Germany still controlled by the French. I saw first hand what a rugged trip it would be on foot for two men out of shape and lacking a good map. Though not as high as the Appalachians, the Pfalz mountains are VERY steep and thickly wooded. The valleys are quite narrow, often no more than two hundred yards across. There are not a lot of castle ruins--there were not a lot of castles in a place as remote as the Pfalz Forest. This dearth is a reflection of the simple economic fact that it's hard to be a robber baron with nobody passing through to rob. Here is one of the castle ruins we came upon; notice the evidently Renaissance addition to the medieval castle had also fallen into ruin. Only the power lines in the photo gives it away as a modern scene at all.
I was not specifically looking for the road on which Manfred escaped the French ambush but I stumbled across it. The first photo is the road just before the bend around which the French were hiding and the second photo is of the drop off down which the auto and it riders tumbled.




Albert Trau's Posters

In the novel, the wounded artist Albert Trau sets to work drawing posters for the Social Democrats.
With all the modern communications we enjoy, posters have been mostly relegated to an afterthought, a yard sign with a catchy typeface and a photo of the candidate. Not so in an earlier era without radio or television. In a fractured country, posters were the most widespread and effective means of visual propaganda and crowd persuasion.
The advent of widespread off set lithography printing in the late 19th century not only led to the development of the Arte Nouveau style, but favored a heavy, bold line, mostly devoid of shading. In peace time, a local printer would be turning out posters for local products; in troubled times or war time, the printer would have a lot of business from the politicians and the private militias.
Below, are a few examples culled from web sites on German history.
Click on photos to see enlargements
This poster recruits for a Freikorp in Silesia to counter the new state of Poland's grab for German lands. Simular posters would have been seen west of the Rhine to counter French territorial aims. Once formed for home defence, the milita leaders could repurpose them for their own ambitions.
Ironically, below is an AMERICAN patriotic poster, but drawn in classic propaganda poster style. It is an appeal to Germanic American citizens (Like Otto Adler or his uncle Benjamin Schneider) to but US war bonds (the Third Liberty Loans Series, in this case)
Below, a Nazi poster urging people to vote for the coalition of conservative parties--if you couldn't bring yourself to vote Nazi, then at least vote for somebody they would form a coalition with.
And a Social Democrats poster--telling people to sweep out both the authoritarian and extremist parties, the Nazis and the Communists. This is the sort of poster I imagine Albert Trau drawing.
The caption reads "Away With Them! For that reason vote list #1 Social Democrats" The skull in a helmet represents the militarists/monarchists
Anti Semitic posters were a feature of German life both before and after the Nazi's rise to power.
The one below claims Jewishness is simple organized crime. It is a sterling example of the graphic use of a heavy, strong line and a BRIGHT contrasting color.
And another racist poster warning against race mixing. For what it's worth, racial bloodlines were actually stricter in the American South. Most Southern states followed a "one drop" rule. If you could be proved to have any heritage from anybody who was considered black, you were black. The Nazis seemed to set a limit at one sixteenth or one thirty second. Nothing like a liberal view.


Sunday, November 9, 2008

Otto Adler's farm house in Charlotte, NC


After my grandfather, Otto Haas, lost his two movie theaters, big house in Dilworth, and most of his money, he moved the family to a small farm on Park Rd. It lay about a quarter mile outside the Charlotte city limits between farms on which the future Rev. Bill Graham and the future Rt. Rev. Bishop John Spong grew up.
Now, of course, it is well within the city limits, just north of Park Road Shopping center and St. Ann's Catholic School.
My uncle, Steve Haas, and his wife, Bobbi, live there.
None of the several acres around the house has been sold. The acre or so surrounding the house is now mowed; the old swimming pool filled in and the horse barns behind the house have long since collapsed into dust. The woods are still a tangle behind the house, an oasis of wild in a very urban area. Uncle Steve estimates he keeps feeding 17 raccoons and feral cats.

I lived there a few years as a small child. Then, the grounds were overgrown and the house more rustic. I recall it was painted white then. The big magnolias persist, though. My grandmother, Lorena Haas, went outside with a shotgun, so the story goes, when the electric and phone companies wanted to chop some down to run wires along the road.

This photo was taken on a visit in the summer of 2008. The front porch is exactly as I remember it as a kid, except for the yellow paint.

The Wilmington Race Riots of 1898

The Wilmington Race Riots of 1898 as depicted in the opening of my novel Adlerhof, were really the beginning of a long, dark chapter in all of Southern history. My novel shows only the briefest outline of what could be a novel in itself.

After 1898, Democrats seized power across the South and enacted segregation laws--the infamous "Jim Crow" laws--depriving blacks of civil rights. By 1908, blacks were effectively shut out of the political, economic, and social life of the South. Over the next several decades, blacks went "up North," in massive numbers. The black percentage of population in NC for instance fell from about 35% to about 22%.

The model for Otto Adler in the novel, my grandfather Haas, went to Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1900 at age 14 to work in his uncle's business. I realized he would have witnessed the complete dis enfranchisement of blacks in the space of his teenage years, though not in as spectacular form as in Wilmington.

Reconstruction and Federal occupation of the South after the Civil War meant the old landed aristocracy was no longer in power (referred to as the "bourbon aristocracy," for their preferred drink, not their French lineage). With Reconstruction's end in 1876-77, the old aristocracy faced a desegregated South and two party system in which Republicans, and later, Progressives, united poor black farmers with poor white farmers to create a solid governing coalition to keep the old aristocracy out. The only way Democrats could see they had a chance at power again was to split the poor farmers along racial lines (nearly all the population was engaged in farming, textile manufacturing was a few decades off still). Since there were more poor whites than poor blacks, racism seemed to be the only answer and avenue for the Democrats.

The chief architects of this plan were Sen. Furnifold Simmons of New Bern (who would control NC politics for over 30 years) and the owner/editor of the Raleigh News & Observer (a rabid racist, later President Wilson's Sec. of the Navy--famous as the tee-totaler who removed rum from the navy and who claimed airplanes could never sink ships).
"We need men who can write, men who can speak, and men who can ride," Daniels said. Daniels himself wrote the fliers and editiorials; furnifold lined up the brilliant orators in politics, and saw to financing the "Red Shirt" bully boys--"men who can ride." NC's future governor, Cameron Morrison, was leader of the Red Shirts. It was Morrison who hid the Republican governor from a lynch mob as he came down to Wilmington. Morrison feared President McKinley would send in Federal troops if a Republican governor were actually killed.

Wilmington, NC was the state's largest and wealthiest city at the end of the 19th century. Public memory has faded that it was the scene of the only successful coup d' etat in American history. For purposes of plot and pace, Adlerhof offers only the barest outline of events. The state of North Carolina's Archives and History department launched a large scale review of all original material it could find and issued a draft report in 2005 and a final report in 2006. I have read the entire report and it makes for grim and disgusting reading.
You can download and read the entire report if you wish (warning--it is as long as Adlerhof itself at least) in pdf format here http://www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/1898-wrrc/

For some reason, the state's report spawn a number of remarkably long and elaborate web sites set up as apologists for the white rioters. This all strikes me as specious an argument as saying the American Civil War was really all about state's rights, not slavery.
I also commend the Raleigh News&Observer's political reporter, Rob Christensen's new book on the history of NC politics from 1898-2006 The Paradox of TarHeel Politics for an examination of the later fates of the the politicians involved.

From the State of North Carolina's Library:
Alex Manly and the Wilmington Race Riots

The events of November 10, 1898, in Wilmington constitute a landmark in North Carolina history. Almost a century later some details are still in question. The number of casualties, for example, is disputed with the total running from the coroner's fourteen to unconfirmed reports of scores or even hundreds of deaths. All of the reported victims were African American. Reports circulated in the midst of the violence of the shooting of a white man, Will Mayo. His fate still remains a mystery. More certain is the fact that the event marked the climax of the white supremacy campaign of 1898 and a turning point in the state's history. Restrictions on African American voting followed marking the onset of the Jim Crow era of segregation.

What is traditionally termed a "race riot" has also been called a massacre, rebellion, revolt, race war, and coup d'etat. The peculiar circumstances of the Wilmington events, involving the removal of the legally elected mayor and city council and installation of revolt leader Alfred Moore Waddell, make this last term technically correct.

In the days preceding the election of 1898 Waddell, a former Confederate officer and U.S. Congressman, called for the removal of the Republicans and Populists then in power in Wilmington and proposed in a speech at Thalian Hall that the white citizens, if necessary, "choke the Cape Fear with carcasses." What had particularly incensed Waddell and others was the publication in August of an editorial in the Wilmington Daily Record, a local black-owned newspaper. Alex Manly, the editor, charged that, "poor white men are careless in the matter of protecting their women," and that, "our experience among poor white people in the country teaches us that women of that race are not any more particular in the matter of clandestine meetings with colored men than the white men with the colored women." The sexually charged editorial, reprinted across the state, provided Democrats with an issue to inflame racial tensions as election day approached. Yet the day passed without notable incident.

At 8:00 A.M. two days later about 500 white men assembled at the armory of the Wilmington Light Infantry and, after several others declined, Waddell took on the task of leading them to the Daily Record office in Free Love Hall four blocks south on Seventh Street between Nun and Church Streets. The crowd swelled to perhaps 2,000 as they moved across town. Manly, in the meantime, had fled the city, as had numerous other African Americans in expectation of violence. The mob broke into the building, a fire broke out, and the top floor of the building was consumed. The crowd posed for a photograph in front of the burned-out frame.

Dr. Silas P. Wright, the white Republican mayor, resigned under pressure as did members of the city council and other officers, both black and white. Waddell then took office as mayor. The revolt had the support of many of the most powerful men in the city, among them William Rand Kenan and Hugh McRae. George Roundtree, an attorney and advisor to the coup leaders, in 1899 served as chairman of the state legislative committee on constitutional reform that drafted and sponsored the so-called "Grandfather Clause," providing that the male citizens could vote if they could read and write or if their grandfather voted, thereby denying most African Americans the right to vote.


The preceding sketch was adapted from information provided by the Research Branch of the Division of Historical Resources in the Office of Archives and History.

Comprehensive information may be found in the following sources:

  • H. Leon Prather, We Have Taken a City: Wilmington Racial Massacre and Coup of 1898
  • Jerome McDuffie, Politics in Wilmington and New Hanover County NC 1865-1900
  • David Cecelski, ed. Democracy Betrayed: The Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy
  • 1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission